. Surveillance efforts remain geographically patchy, with strong bias towards East and West Africa. The knowledge of tick-borne zoonotic diseases is poor and shaped by sociodemographic factors, like education and occupational roles. Control measures, where practiced, are inconsistently applied and inadequate. Collectively, these findings flag African LWMs as understudied epidemiologically permeable hubs, with potential implications in the ecology of tick-borne zoonotic diseases.
Allen Takudzwa Munaro (Fri,) studied this question.