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The challenge of achieving the ‘Sustainable Development Goal’ 13 in developing economies mainly arises from the lack of clean technologies and energy, owing to insufficient funds needed to support investments in green projects. This research explores the link between agriculture and ecological sustainability amidst digitalisation, green funds, financial development, and institutional quality. Longitudinal data from West African economies covering 2000–2023 is used in the analysis. The empirical study employs ‘Methods of Moments Quantile Regression,’ which yields heterogeneous and long-term findings. The robustness of the results is verified using the Driscoll-Kraay technique. The research demonstrates that environmental sustainability is promoted with the transition to renewable energy, digital technology, and financial development. Conversely, agricultural activities and green funds are associated with extensive ecological damage, while institutional quality has no significant relationship with ecological sustainability. Although digital technology supports sustainable development, its impact diminishes in areas with high ecological degradation, indicating that polluting technologies do not sustain the environment. The effect of financial development on improving ecological quality is more pronounced where ecological demand is high, highlighting its importance in reducing ecological harm. The study recommends that sustainable agriculture requires clean energy adoption, technological innovation, and effective policy reforms.
Ibrahim et al. (Tue,) studied this question.