What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aimed to assess how repeated smash performance affects muscle fatigue and associated physiological changes in elite badminton players.

May 7, 2026The Asian Journal of Kinesiology0 citationsOpen Access

Changes in Heart Rate, Blood Lactate Concentration, Muscle Fatigue, and Smash Accuracy Following Repeated Smash Performance in Elite Badminton Players

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HKHwitae Kim YEYoungbae Eum

Key Points

The research aimed to assess how repeated smash performance affects muscle fatigue and associated physiological changes in elite badminton players.
Engaged fifteen elite badminton players in a repeated smash protocol of three sets with 20 smashes each and 30-second rest intervals.
Monitored heart rate and blood lactate concentration to evaluate physiological responses during the performance.
Utilized surface electromyography to measure muscle fatigue via median frequency analysis of vastus lateralis and biceps femoris.
Evaluated smash accuracy by quantifying errors through video analysis, classifying faults as net faults or out-of-bounds shots.
Analyzed data using one-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests.
Heart rate significantly increased across sets, particularly in sets 2 and 3 compared to set 1.
Blood lactate concentration rose significantly over time, peaking at three minutes post-recovery.
Smash errors increased significantly over time, notably in the final set versus the first set.
No significant changes were found in median frequency values of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the changes in heart rate, blood lactate concentration, neuromuscular fatigue, and smash accuracy during repeated high-intensity smash performance in elite badminton players.METHODS Fifteen elite badminton players participated in a repeated smash protocol consisting of three sets (20 smashes per set) with a 30-second rest interval between sets. Heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration (BLa) were measured to assess physiological responses. Muscle fatigue was assessed using surface electromyography by analyzing the median frequency (MDF) of the vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF). Smash accuracy was evaluated by quantifying the number of errors, defined as net faults or out-of-bounds shots, through video analysis. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests.RESULTS HR increased significantly as the sets progressed (p p p p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS The decline in smash accuracy is associated with accumulated physiological load, reflected by increased cardiovascular and metabolic responses, rather than changes in EMG-based lower-limb muscle fatigue.

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Cite This Study

Kim et al. (Thu,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69fbe2f2164b5133a91a2384 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15758/jk.2026.28.2.78

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