= 0.41 at low temperature), enabling passive radiative cooling while maintaining high visible light transmittance and efficient near-infrared modulation. Field test and energy simulations confirmed that the system not only provides effective temperature regulation (approximately 8°C cooling during the day and 2°C insulation at night) but also demonstrates significant energy-saving potential across various climatic zones. This research offers valuable insights for developing smart windows with adaptive and on-demand adjustment capabilities.
Zhang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.