In this study, the fabrication of multi‐stimuli‐responsive bowl‐shaped Janus nanomotors integrating platinum nanoparticles coated with cross‐linked Fe 3 O 4 @P(BA‐co‐IA) and functionalized with polypyrrole on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles for potential targeted drug delivery applications is reported. This unique architecture combines three propulsion mechanisms: catalytic motion from asymmetrically deposited platinum in hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), magnetic guidance from a superparamagnetic iron oxide core, and electric‐field‐driven propulsion via a conductive polypyrrole shell. The nanomotors exhibited precise, directional motion in both biologically relevant neutral (pH 7.4) and acidic (pH 5.8) environments, fueled by 0.5% and 1% (w/w) H 2 O 2 . The highest velocity and mean square displacement were observed in neutral medium at 1% H 2 O 2 , whereas acidic conditions induced polymer aggregation and reduced mobility. Magnetic fields enabled rapid, oriented transport, and electric fields allowed on‐demand control of speed and direction. The integration of multiple actuation modes into a single nanomotor design offers opportunities for navigation in complex media. This system holds great biocompatibility with human mesenchymal stromal cells, and it offers promise for advanced biomedical applications, targeted transport, and navigation within complex biological environments.
Dehaghi et al. (Tue,) studied this question.