What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to examine public perceptions impacting acceptance of cardiovascular disease risk screening in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia.

May 7, 2026BMC Public Health0 citationsOpen Access

Examining public perceptions of cardiovascular disease risk screening programs in community pharmacies: a mixed-methods study

SASuha Alharbi RAReem Almalki SAShatha Almajnooni

Key Points

This study aims to examine public perceptions impacting acceptance of cardiovascular disease risk screening in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia.
Mixed-methods design combining online questionnaire and semi-structured interviews
523 survey responses and 9 qualitative interviews analyzed
Framework analysis guided by the Health Belief Model to assess perceptions and barriers
Over half of participants expressed confidence in pharmacists' competence for CVD risk screening
60% felt comfortable discussing CVD-related concerns
Key motivators included perceived susceptibility, severity, and self-efficacy, while privacy and cost concerns were significant barriers.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Saudi Arabia. Early identification and management of risk are critical to addressing this burden. Community pharmacies (CPs) offer an accessible setting for proactive screening; however, pharmacy-based CVD initiatives remain underexplored locally despite demonstrated success internationally. Understanding public perspectives is therefore essential to inform service development. AIM: To assess the perceptual factors shaping public acceptance of CP-based CVD risk screening services in Saudi Arabia. METHOD: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed, combining an online questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, while qualitative data were examined using framework analysis guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), a framework used to explain how beliefs influence health behaviours. RESULTS: A total of 523 survey responses and 9 interviews were analysed. Most participants were young, educated Saudi nationals, and reported visiting CPs more frequently than general practitioners. Over half expressed confidence in pharmacists' competence to conduct CVD risk screening, and 60% felt comfortable discussing CVD-related concerns. HBM constructs highlighted perceived susceptibility, severity, and self-efficacy as key motivators, with accessibility and convenience serving as important cues to action. However, concerns related to privacy, cost, and staffing limitations remained significant deterrents. CONCLUSION: Public perception of CP-based CVD screening were generally positive, with accessibility, trust in pharmacists, and perceived benefits supporting engagement. However, views regarding suitability were mixed, and concerns related to privacy, cost, and staffing remain important barriers. The Health Belief Model (HBM) provided a useful framework for understanding these motivations and barriers. Addressing these issues is essential for successful implementation.

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