= .001). Among patients with bronchoscopy, 92.9% (13) of 14 subjects vaccinated with two or three doses showed positive for both anti-N/S IgG and anti-RBD IgG and 7.1% (1) was anti-N IgA positive in peripheral blood; however, all these 14 subjects showed negative in BALF. Together, the results indicate that inactivated COVID-19 vaccines rarely induce mucosal antibody response in the lower respiratory tract.
Zhang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.