Comparison of ionic, atomic and molecular emissions in underwater laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of Ca and Sr

Key Points

• The aim is to compare different types of emissions for the quantification of calcium and strontium using underwater LIBS.
• Conducted underwater laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) experiments
• Analyzed ionic, atomic, and molecular emissions
• Focused on quantifying calcium and strontium using specific spectral lines.
• Identified distinct spectral lines for Ca and Sr emissions
• Demonstrated that ionic emissions provide enhanced signals compared to atomic and molecular emissions
• Highlighting the effectiveness of LIBS for quantifying alkaline earth elements underwater.