This article analyzes and compares types of digital twins (DTs) types, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Examples of DT application in construction and urban development that are used to create DT architectures are presented and analyzed. The use of DTs as part of a smart city is examined in detail, using Singapore as an example. Information on the use of DTs on campuses and universities in the Russian Federation is reviewed. The feasibility of using DT technology in combination with mobile robotic systems to improve campus reliability and service quality is substantiated. An approach to implementing a typical DT for a smart campus is described.
Pitelinsky et al. (Sun,) studied this question.