Selective logging is among the most widespread anthropogenic disturbances in tropical forests. While its effects on forest structure and taxonomic diversity are well documented, its consequences for functional and phylogenetic diversity, species- and trait-mediated responses during post-logging recovery remain less studied. We examined tree communities across two stages of post-logging recovery, recently logged, old-logged (> 25 years), and compared them with unlogged forests in the Eastern Himalayan foothills. Based on vegetation survey conducted across 90 sample plots (400 m² each), we quantified forest structure, species composition, taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity, along with species- and trait-level responses to logging. Recently logged forests had lower canopy cover, canopy height, and basal area of large trees than old-logged and unlogged forests. Total stem density and basal area were similar across all three forest categories, however, species composition remained distinct. Logged forests exhibited higher taxonomic diversity, whereas functional and phylogenetic diversity did not vary across the forest categories. Species-specific analysis showed both positive and negative responses to logging, while trait-based analyses indicated declines in shade-adapted evergreen species. By integrating structural, multidimensional diversity, and species- and trait-specific perspectives, we show that selectively logged forests retain considerable ecological value but remain structurally and compositionally distinct. Our findings demonstrate that the recovery or stability in diversity might mask underlying compositional and trait shifts, highlighting the value of multidimensional assessments of logging impacts. These results underscore the importance of assisted natural regeneration focused on promoting evergreen tree species, to accelerate compositional recovery and enhance long-term forest resilience. • We assessed multidimensional diversity, species- and trait- responses post-logging. • Forest structure shows partial recovery within 25 years of logging. • Diversity retained, yet composition remains distinct 25 years after logging. • Evergreen and thin-leaved tree species negatively impacted by logging. • Monitoring trait shifts key for long-term functional recovery of logged forests.
Borawake et al. (Wed,) studied this question.