We investigate hydrogen molecule ionization within a unified framework combining finite-dimensional quantum electrodynamics with the Lindblad master equation, enabling systematic comparison across closed, dissipative, and influx-driven open systems. Our results reveal a universal tendency toward neutral Formula: see text formation. Photon dissipation (Formula: see text) accelerates stabilization, while electron (Formula: see text) and phonon (Formula: see text) dissipation play distinct regulatory roles. Particle influx (Formula: see text) induces complex energy redistribution, populating the atomic state Formula: see text. The ionization pathway is highly sensitive to initial photon number and composition, which control spin-selective excitation channels. An embedded anode model confirms that orbital hybridization fundamentally constrains the maximum ionization probability to Formula: see text. This work provides a unified theoretical foundation for quantum-controlled chemistry and cavity QED experiments.
Hui‐hui Miao (Fri,) studied this question.