The long-term reliance on vegetative propagation combined with continuous infections by Ustilago esculenta, has resulted in substantial genetic alteration in cultivated varieties of Zizania latifolia. In this study, we focus on the 'Zhejiao7' variety, with its characteristic of early maturation in both the summer and autumn seasons. We present the first haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the Jiaobai variety 'Zhejiao7', with the majority of chromosomes sequenced to the T2T level. With the mixed application of PacBio HiFi, Nanopore, Illumina, and Hi-C technologies, we assembled two haplotypes (Hap1: 610.06 Mb, Hap2: 585.52 Mb), each with 17 chromosomes. Functional annotation identified ~78% of the protein-coding genes. This high-quality assembly provides insights into domestication, agronomic traits, and stem expansion, facilitating research on Jiaobai's bioactive compounds and medicinal properties and supporting advancements in agriculture and biomedicine.
Wu et al. (Fri,) studied this question.