Blumea Balsamifera (Sambong): A Review of Its Phytochemistry and Medicinal Properties

Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC., popularly known as Sambong, is a cornerstone of traditional medicine in Southeast Asia, particularly within the Philippines where it is officially recognized by the Department of Health (DOH) for its therapeutic efficacy in renal care. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current scientific literature regarding the plant's phytochemical profile and diverse pharmacological activities, bridging the gap between indigenous knowledge and modern evidence-based pharmacy. Utilizing a narrative review design, data were aggregated from peer-reviewed journals and botanical databases, revealing that B. balsamifera is characterized by a rich secondary metabolite profile, most notably volatile oils containing L-borneol and camphor, alongside bioactive flavonoids such as blumeatin and quercetin. These constituents underpin its primary clinical application as a diuretic and anti-urolithiasis agent, while also exhibiting potent anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. This review emphasizes the necessity for continued clinical standardization and exploration into advanced pharmaceutical delivery systems to maximize the bioavailability of its therapeutic compounds.