Targeting Hyperlipidemia: Investigating the Regulatory Roles of NPC1L1 and SREBP-2 and the Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Compounds

Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia is the most common form of dyslipidemia and is strongly linked to cardiovascular disease. Over the past three decades, the global burden of dyslipidemias has shown a steady rise. Results: The lipid-lowering effect of plant-based bioactives is significantly influenced by transcription factors such as LXR, SREBP, PPARα, and PPARγ. The molecules NPC1L1, HMGCR, PCSK9, and CYP7A1 play critical roles in these pathways. Discussion: To combat the progression of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and metabolic syndrome, lipid-lowering agents have proven to be effective tools for prevention and treatment. However, the current options primarily consist of chemical drugs. In contrast, herbal medicine, with its extensive historical usage, offers an alternative approach that expands the range of treatment possibilities. Conclusion: Plant-based bioactives inhibit cholesterol absorption in intestine-lining cells, reduce cholesterol synthesis, improve reverse cholesterol transport, and aid liver cholesterol excretion.