Harnessing copper–strontium synergy in an injectable composite for multi-pathway bone regeneration

Key Points

• This research aims to develop an injectable composite hydrogel that enhances bone regeneration through multi-pathway mechanisms involving copper and strontium.
• Fabrication of a dual-network hydrogel using PVA and alginate loaded with Cu/Sr-doped hydroxyapatite.
• Synthesis of copper/strontium-doped hydroxyapatite to be incorporated into the hydrogel.
• Assessment of angiogenesis and bone regeneration efficacy in vitro and/or in vivo.
• The composite hydrogel significantly promotes angiogenesis.
• Enhanced bone regeneration observed compared to controls.