Abstract Purpose of Review This review summarizes the current literature on Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) for allergic rhinitis (AR), emphasizing recent innovations aimed at improving symptom control, safety, and adherence. Recent Findings AIT is a disease-modifying treatment for AR, with subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapies serving as standards of care. Emerging approaches include alternative administration routes, immune modulation strategies, and modified allergen formulas. Intralymphatic immunotherapy has demonstrated efficacy comparable to established therapies while reducing injections, although long-term outcomes remain under investigation. Combination therapies using biologic agents such as dupilumab and adjuvant-based constructs including virus-like particles may improve symptom burden by shifting the immune response away from the type 2 inflammation pathway. Modified allergen formulas, such as allergoids, recombinant allergens, and peptide constructs, seek to reduce IgE-mediated allergenicity while maintaining immunogenicity. Summary Despite promising advances, high cost, variable response, and limited long-term safety data remain important challenges in AIT development.
Stoller et al. (Thu,) studied this question.