Selenium-containing heterocycles are pivotal organic molecules with extensive applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and organic materials due to their unique properties and bioactivities. The presence of selenium in organic frameworks is of considerable significance in synthetic chemistry, facilitating diverse reactivity and functionality. The scientific community has explored various conventional and non-conventional methods for synthesizing selenium-containing heterocycles, each offering distinct advantages and limitations. Conventional methods often involve stoichiometric reagents and harsh reaction conditions, which, while effective, can be less environmentally friendly. These methods include traditional cyclization reactions, such as those using selenium reagents at high temperatures or in corrosive solvents. In contrast, non-conventional approaches, including microwave, ultrasound, visible light, and electrochemical technologies, have emerged as greener and more sustainable alternatives. These advanced techniques leverage the energy of light or electrical currents to drive the synthesis of selenium-containing heterocycles under milder conditions. This review summarizes recent developments in synthetic techniques for selenium- containing heterocycles under diverse reaction conditions, using selenium and other selenylating reagents from 2009 to 2025.
Kamboj et al. (Mon,) studied this question.