Abstract Robotic adrenalectomy is increasingly used in selected centers; however, surgeon-specific learning patterns remain unclear. This retrospective single-center cohort study included adult patients who underwent robotic transabdominal adrenalectomy between March 2024 and December 2025. Total operative time and surgeon-dependent console time were analyzed sequentially using LOESS smoothing and learning curve cumulative sum (LC-CUSUM) analysis with predefined thresholds. Fifty-six patients were included. Mean operative time was 137.8 ± 41.3 min, and mean console time was 91.0 ± 34.4 min. Learning curve analyses showed rapid early improvement followed by stabilization, with a plateau after approximately 32 cases. LC-CUSUM analysis indicated early proficiency for operative time at the 10th–12th case, whereas proficiency based on stricter console thresholds was achieved at approximately the 36th case. Robotic transabdominal adrenalectomy achieves early proficiency, while stabilization of surgeon-dependent console performance requires a longer learning period, supporting a multiphase learning curve model.
Akbulut et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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