Abstract Vaginal aging is a multifactorial biological process characterized by structural, functional, and molecular alterations driven primarily by estrogen decline. This review summarizes current evidence on potential biomarkers across five domains: physiological parameters, imaging features, histological changes, and molecular alterations. We further discuss methodological challenges and future research directions necessary to establish standardized and clinically applicable biomarkers. Understanding these biological indicators may facilitate earlier diagnosis, improve patient stratification, and enable personalized therapeutic interventions in women experiencing vaginal aging.
Wu et al. (Fri,) studied this question.