Mango peel extracts prevent liver injury and enhance hematopoiesis: Mechanistic insights from an in vivo study

Mango peel, an agro-industrial byproduct, is a rich source of phenolic compounds with potential therapeutic benefits, yet its toxicological safety and mechanistic effects in vivo remain largely unexplored. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of mango peel extract through oral administration in rats. Serum biochemistry, oxidative stress markers, hematological profiles, and histopathology were assessed to determine dose-dependent responses. Treatment with mango peel extract across different cultivars, ripening stages, and concentrations significantly decreased liver and kidney enzyme levels, with alkaline phosphate (ALP) reduced to 52 U/L compared to the control group (110 U/L), and urea levels decreased to 18/L compared to the control (41 U/L), showing statistical significance (p< 0.05). Red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, and antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), were markedly elevated. A dose-dependent attenuation of mild perivascular inflammatory responses was witnessed, suggesting a protective effect exerted by mango peel extract. Mechanistically, this hepatoprotective activity appears to be mediated through modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, indicative of an adaptive hepatic defense mechanism. Taken together, these findings substantiate the safety and efficacy of mango peel extract as a natural hepatoprotective agent, underscoring its utility in sustainable waste valorization and the development of functional food products. • Mango peel extract of various cultivars and ripening stages was examined for biological potential and safety ( in vivo ) • Oral administration notably reduced the kidney and liver injury biomarkers in rats • Antioxidant status and hematological indices were significantly improved after intake • Liver protection was driven, mainly by suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway