Ultra-processed food consumption and its relationship with nutrient intake and dietary patterns in adolescents

Background Global population growth has increased food demand, leading to greater reliance on processed foods, which now account for about 75% of global food sales. Food processing transforms raw ingredients to improve safety, preservation, and sensory qualities. While processing supports food security, high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is linked to poorer diet quality, higher intake of sugars and fats, lower intake of fiber and protein, and increased risks of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Objective The study aims to assess the association between UPF consumption and dietary quality among adolescents in Kuwait to inform strategies for improving nutrition and reducing chronic disease risk. Methods A cross-sectional study of 375 Kuwaiti adolescents assessed dietary intake using MyFood24 Middle East and evaluated diet quality via the Children’s Eatwell Guide. Foods were classified by the NOVA system, and associations between ultra-processed food intake and diet quality were analyzed using adjusted linear regression models. Results Adolescents in Kuwait consumed a median of 443 g/day of UPFs, contributing 43.9% of total daily energy intake. Higher UPF consumption was associated with lower protein and fiber intake, and higher intakes of total fat, saturated fat, trans fats, and salt, indicating poorer overall diet quality. Conclusion Greater UPF intake among Kuwaiti adolescents is linked to an unbalanced nutrient profile that may increase the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health strategies to promote healthier dietary patterns in this population.