Influence of Adiabaticity on Dust-Ion-Acoustic Solitary Waves in the Presence of Q-Nonextensive Electrons and Arbitrarily Charged Dust

A five-component collisionless unmagnetized dusty plasma comprising inertial warm adiabatic ions, Boltzmann distributed hot electrons and hot protons, nonextensive cold electrons with arbitrarily charged immobile dust grains is considered to investigate the linear and nonlinear behavior of dust-ion-acoustic solitary waves. The reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, and the pseudo-potential approach provides the solution for nonlinear structures. This system supports only positive potential solitary excitations. The phase speed, amplitude, width, and other characteristics of the solitons are strongly influenced by various plasma parameters such as dust polarity, ion temperature, nonextensivity, adiabaticity, and others. These results offer valuable insights into the properties of solitary excitations in multi-component laboratory and space plasmas where warm ion pressure plays a significant role.