What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Chronic kidney disease (n=300). Primary outcome: Clinical outcomes including CKD-related complications, ESRD, and polypharmacy.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to evaluate clinical outcomes and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients in Ethiopia.

May 18, 2026Open Access

Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Key Result

Among 300 adult CKD patients, nearly half experienced CKD-related complications, 11% had end-stage renal disease, and polypharmacy was present in 53.3% of those with stage five CKD.

Key Points

This study aims to evaluate clinical outcomes and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients in Ethiopia.
Retrospective cross-sectional study design
Included all adult chronic kidney disease patients attending renal clinics from March to July 2019
Data collected via structured interviews and medical record reviews
Of 300 chronic kidney disease patients studied, 50% experienced related complications
11% were diagnosed with end stage renal disease
Polypharmacy occurred in 53.3% of patients with stage five chronic kidney disease

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=300)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

Population

300 adult chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients attending the renal clinics at Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital between March and July 2019

Outcome

Clinical outcomes (including CKD-related complications, end stage renal disease, and hospitalization) and associated factors

A substantial proportion of CKD patients in Ethiopian referral hospitals experience complications and ESRD, with high rates of polypharmacy in advanced stages.

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major treatment challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to limited resources, delayed diagnosis, poor access to essential medicines, and inadequate renal replacement services. Given the limited evidence on CKD management and outcomes in these settings, this study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes and associated factors among CKD patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used. All adult CKD patients attending the renal clinics at both hospitals between March and July 2019 were enrolled. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected through structured patient interviews and medical record reviews. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Results: Of 300 CKD patients included, nearly half of them had CKD-related complications, and 11% were in end stage renal disease (ESRD). Among those with complications, 29% had hospitalization prior to data extraction. Most participants (83.7%) adhered to clinician-recommended non-pharmacological interventions. Enalapril and amlodipine were prescribed to 39.0% and 37.3% of patients, respectively, and polypharmacy was observed in 53.3% of patients with stage five CKD. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of CKD patients had complications, including hospitalization and ESRD. Polypharmacy was prevalent among patients with advanced CKD, underscoring the need for comprehensive management and close monitoring to improve treatment outcomes.