Family functioning and adolescent risk perception of opioid misuse: A cross-sectional study.

< .01). After adjusting for covariates, adolescents had 35% higher odds of reporting great risk of harm from opioids for every 0.5-unit increase in the family functioning score (adjusted odds ratio = 1.35, 95% CI 1.09, 1.67). Adolescents in the top tertile of family functioning had more than 300% higher odds of reporting great risk compared to those in the lowest tertile (adjusted odds ratio = 4.26, 95% CI 1.53, 11.92). Findings suggest that family functioning is associated with perceiving great risk of harm from opioids. Future studies are needed to uncover potential mediating/moderating factors that explain this association. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).