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AIMS AND BACKGROUND: employs to survive exposure to widely used β-lactams and glycopeptides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: fold change| > 1.5. Heatmaps, Venn diagrams, and volcano plots were used to visualize both treatment-specific and shared transcriptional responses. RESULTS: With 552 distinct DEGs, Vancomycin caused the biggest transcriptional shift, whereas Cephalothin and Bacitracin affected 77 and 10 genes, respectively. A core set of 55 stress-responsive genes, many of which code for proteins with unclear or poorly understood activities, was shown to be consistently changed across all antibiotic treatments. Common themes revealed by pathway, and expression analysis included increased expression of efflux transporters, metabolic changes, especially involving Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase and pyruvate dehydrogenase, and cell wall remodeling. Furthermore, a number of regulators particular to antibiotics, such as membrane-associated sensors and members of the cell envelope-associated transcriptional attenuator LytR-CpsA-Psr family, indicated specific adaptation mechanisms. CONCLUSION: has a sophisticated, adaptable transcriptional response to antibiotic stress, as well as drug-specific and transparently preserved survival strategies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: J Contemp Dent Pract 2026;27(2):130-140.
Boreak et al. (Fri,) studied this question.