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Purpose In the context of escalating climate change and environmental challenges, sustainability in logistics has become a global priority. This study aims to examine the determinants of green logistics adoption among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam, a key driver of the national economy. Design/methodology/approach This research integrates the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework, diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory and Thong’s model (1999) to develop a comprehensive analytical framework. Factors are categorized into four dimensions: technological, organizational, environmental and individual. Data were collected from 202 Vietnamese SMEs across multiple sectors and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings The results indicate that human capital quality, organizational support, firm size, slack resources, competitive pressure, customer pressure, regulatory pressure, government support, social responsibility pressure, relative advantage, compatibility, CEO innovativeness and CEO knowledge of green logistics positively influence the adoption of green logistics. Conversely, complexity (CPL) and adoption cost have negative effects. Practical implications The study provides actionable insights for SME managers, entrepreneurs and policymakers to promote green logistics adoption, particularly through enhancing organizational capabilities, strengthening institutional support and reducing perceived barriers such as cost and CPL. Originality/value This research contributes to the literature by integrating multiple theoretical perspectives (TOE, DOI and Thong’s model) to explain green logistics adoption in an emerging economy context, with a specific focus on SMEs in Vietnam.
Bui et al. (Fri,) studied this question.