An experimental study on the efficacy of Shatapushpa Churna in managing PCOS symptoms in a rat model: An Ayurvedic approach

Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent metabolic and reproductive disorders affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized primarily by menstrual dysfunction and androgen excess, which impact quality of life. PCOS is also associated with various comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome, reproductive abnormalities, psychological stress, and an increased risk of chronic illnesses such as type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Shatapushpa Churna in managing PCOS-like symptoms using a rat PCOS model. The primary focus was on assessing its effects on estrous cyclicity, glucose metabolism, body weight, hormonal profile, and ovarian histomorphology. Methods A PCOS-like condition was induced in adult female Wistar rats by administering letrozole (2 mg/kg body weight, orally) once daily for 21 days. Model validation was based on irregular estrous cycles, impaired glucose tolerance, increased body weight, and altered hormonal profiles. PCOS-positive rats were then treated for 45 days with Shatapushpa Churna at three graded doses: low (0.62 g/kg b.w.), mid (1.24 g/kg b.w.), and high (1.85 g/kg b.w.). A standard reference group received metformin (300 mg/kg b.w.). Therapeutic outcomes were assessed through estrous cycle monitoring, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum hormonal assays, and ovarian histopathological examination. Results Rats treated with Shatapushpa Churna showed significant improvements in reproductive hormone levels and regularity of the estrous cycle. OGTT results indicated improved glycemic control in mid- and high-dose groups, with glucose levels at 30, 60, and 120 min comparable to those of normal controls. Histological analysis of the ovaries revealed a reduction in the number of atretic follicles and a restoration of near-normal ovarian morphology in treated groups compared to the positive control. Conclusion Shatapushpa Churna demonstrated notable efficacy in managing PCOS-like symptoms in letrozole-induced rat models. Its positive impact on hormonal balance, glucose metabolism, and ovarian histomorphology supports its potential as a therapeutic agent for PCOS management.