The Role of Liquefied Natural Gas in Ensuring Energy Security: Legal Aspects

In the modern world, energy security has become a crucial factor determining the sustainability and competitiveness of national economies. It affects a states ability to adapt to changes in global energy markets, ensure independence from external supplies, and address challenges associated with energy crises. In this context, the diversification of energy sources and supply routes is of particular importance. This article analyzes the role of energy security in national development and highlights the absence of a unified definition of “energy security.” Particular attention is paid to various aspects of legal regulation of energy security. The article examines legal remedies available in cases of non-performance of obligations for so-called “commercial” reasons, as well as the legal risks faced by buyers under long-term liquefied natural gas sale agreements. Mechanisms for minimizing such risks are also proposed. The study notes that that while the energy security model was previously focused on stable pipeline supplies and long-term contractual arrangements, today this model has undergone transformation and is now oriented toward unprecedented flexibility of supply. The role of liquefied natural gas in import markets is analyzed, leading to the conclusion that it may function as a primary source of natural gas supply, compensate for declining domestic production, or complement other energy sources. The article concludes that liquefied natural gas (hereinafter, LNG) has become an important instrument for ensuring energy security due to its supply flexibility and ability to rapidly respond to fluctuations in demand. Recommendations are also provided for developing more precise definitions of the concepts of “nonperformance” and “intentional breach” in order to reduce legal uncertainty.