This study presents a numerical analysis of steady magnetohydrodynamic Williamson penta-hybrid nanofluid flow over a thin heated moving needle, incorporating thermal radiation, second-order slip, internal heat generation, and an inclined magnetic field. The governing equations are reduced via similarity transformations and solved using MATLAB’s bvp4c solver. The results are validated against benchmark data, showing excellent agreement. The findings indicate that penta-hybrid nanofluids enhance heat transfer, yielding a modest increase in the Nusselt number ( ≈ 1.6 % ), while mass transfer decreases ( ≈ 12 % ) for nanoparticle-scale diffusion ( S c = 100 ) due to boundary-layer thickening. For lower Schmidt numbers ( S c ≤ 10 ), representing small-molecule drugs, diffusion improves slightly. These results provide useful insights for magnetically assisted micro-injection and thermo-regulated targeted drug-delivery systems, highlighting a controllable trade-off between heat and mass transfer.
Sravanthi et al. (Sat,) studied this question.