Features of the formation of the chemical composition of soil solutions in iron-illuvial podzols and podburs, peat-gley, and peat soils of the Arctic zone of Western Siberia (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors are studied. The main sources of soil pollution are associated with hydrocarbon extraction. Solutions (121 samples) have been sampled by squeezing or self-discharge followed by centrifugation and filtration. The content of metals, chlorides, and petroleum hydrocarbons in soils and solutions has been studied. The background content of metals in soil solutions (peat/mineral horizons, μg/L) is 1560/1320 for Na; 1480/886 for K; 3310/1140 for Ca; 4.67/2.68 for V; 4.46/2.61 for Cr; 80/50 for Mn; 2130/2760 for Fe; 2.57/1.7 for Co; 5.55/3.16 for Ni; 6.78/2.96 for Cu; 60/29.8 for Zn; 23.9/12.3 for Sr; 0.35/0.27 for Cd; 33/26 for Ba; and 2.0/1.1 for Pb. The background pH and the specific electrical conductivity are 4.34 and 55.3 μS/cm, respectively, in the peat horizon, and 4.97 and 26.6 μS/cm, respectively, in the mineral horizon. A high concentration of metals in soil solutions in relation to natural waters has been found. A reliable statistical relationship between the content of Ca, Co, Ni, Mn, Ba, Fe, Sr, Cr, V, and Cu in the solid and liquid phases is established under background conditions. The multivariate analysis of variance shows that the leading factors, influencing the content of particular elements in soil solutions under background conditions, include soil forming rocks for Na, Ca, Mn, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Co; the soil type for Sr; and acidity of solutions for Fe, K, V, and Ba. The role of the permafrost barrier in the concentration of metals typomorphic to frozen rocks (V, Ba, Co, Fe, Cr, and Ni) and their further release into natural waters during permafrost thawing is shown. Pollution results in an increase in the hydrogen index (pH 8.32), in mineralization (7680 μS/cm), and in the content of metals. The study of the relationship between the content of metals and of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils shows significant differences, depending on the aggregate status of the substance: a weak negative correlation in the solid phase and a positive one in the dissolved phase. One of the reasons consists in the hydrophobization of soils, suppressing the activity of sorption centers with the fixation of metals in solution. We have identified the sources of pollution by the associativity of elements in water: the impact of drill cuttings for Sr–Na–Co–Ba–Mn–Ni and discharge of formation waters for Pb–Cr–V–Cu. The distribution coefficients show an increase in the mobility of metals compared to natural conditions.
Opekunov et al. (Mon,) studied this question.