Targeting mixed-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans on clear aligners: boron-based natural substance combinations for enhanced antibiofilm efficacy

Key Points

• This research aims to assess the effectiveness of boron-based natural formulations against mixed-species biofilms in orthodontic appliances.
• In-vitro biofilm models were used to evaluate efficacy.
• Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and fractional inhibitory concentrations were determined using microdilution and checkerboard methods.
• Time-kill assays were conducted to assess biofilm inhibition and eradication.
• Boron-based formulations significantly reduced biofilm formation at sub-MIC levels.
• Mature biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans were effectively eradicated at supra-MICs.
• The combination of natural substances enhanced the antibiofilm efficacy compared to single agents.