Abstract We provide the first comprehensive analysis of the origin of two enigmatic Satyrinae genera of uncertain affinities. Calisto Hübner, the only Satyrinae genus from the West Indies and endemic to these islands, has resisted numerous attempts at phylogenetic placement, regardless of the data type or methods used. Llorenteana Viloria however, most datasets resulted in the same topology under mixture models despite incomplete lineage sorting and gene flow affecting our data. Our results suggest that Calisto is part of a clade of Old World origin that colonized the New World from north to south, thus sharing ancestry with Nearctic taxa. The placement of Llorenteana remained stable in all analyses and datasets. It constitutes one of the earliest splits within the Euptychiina, a subtribe of Neotropical origin, but descending together with the Pronophilina from Nearctic ancestors. We propose the recognition of Erebiina stat. rev. as the only subtribe comprising the former Calistina syn. nov., Callerebiina syn. nov, Maniolina syn. nov. and Ypthimina syn. nov.
Nunez et al. (Wed,) studied this question.