Advanced sodium-ion battery anode material prepared by regulating an environmentally friendly hard carbon precursor through bio‑based molecular coupling

Key Points

• This research aims to develop an advanced anode material for sodium-ion batteries using environmentally friendly processes.
• Utilized naringenin and lignin coupling for precursor development.
• Regulated pyrolysis temperature to optimize hard carbon characteristics.
• Employed a bio-based phenolic resin in the anode material preparation.
• The hard carbon anode achieved significant performance improvements compared to traditional materials.
• Identified optimal pyrolysis conditions resulted in enhanced charge capacity and cycle stability.
• The eco-friendly approach demonstrates feasibility for sustainable battery production.