Advanced resource-efficient technologies for Chromium (VI) removal from industrial wastewater: analysis and reuse potential

The study addresses a scientific and practical challenge — investigating modern methods for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), with a focus on the development of environmentally safe and resource-efficient technologies. The paper analyses key treatment approaches for galvanic wastewater, including chemical precipitation, electrocoagulation and galvanocoagulation, ion exchange, membrane filtration, sorption, and biological methods. The advantages, limitations, efficiency, and economic viability of each method are assessed. Special attention is given to technologies that remove Cr(VI) from wastewater and enable the recovery or reuse of extracted components in industrial processes. The prospects of applying natural and synthetic sorbents, ion-exchange processes for obtaining valuable products, and electrochemical and biological approaches as alternatives to conventional chemical methods are considered. The development of closed-loop technologies is substantiated as a promising direction to minimise the environmental impact of industrial effluents.