Synthesis of Bis-pyrazole Derivatives Using a Highly Efficient Cu-NP/C Nanocatalyst and Their Docking Study as Anticancer Agents

A novel pathway toward the synthesis of a series of 4,4′-(arylmethylene)bis(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol) derivatives has been developed using carbon microsphere-supported copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP/C) as an efficient, green, and sustainable strategy. This methodology demonstrates high functional group tolerance and provides a cost-effective protocol for the rapid synthesis of biologically active 4,4′-(arylmethylene)bis(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ols) from readily available substituted aromatic aldehydes and sterically hindered 1-aryl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-ones in excellent yields. Molecular docking studies were conducted on the colchicine binding site of α,β-tubulin (PDB ID: 1SA0) against breast cancer cells, which showed relatively high binding affinities for compounds 3c, 3f, and 3g (–8.271, –8.139, and –8.211 kcal/mol, respectively). Additionally, the in vitro antiproliferative activity of the bis-pyrazole derivatives was studied.