Bridging Science and Governance for Earthquake Resilience in Malawi: A Perspective from the Southern East African Rift System

Malawi lies within the southern segment of the East African Rift System and is exposed to infrequent but potentially damaging earthquakes. While recent advances in fault mapping, seismic monitoring, and hazard modelling have substantially improved scientific understanding of earthquake hazard in the Malawi Rift Zone, the practical reduction in seismic risk remains limited. This Perspective paper argues that earthquake resilience in Malawi is constrained less by scientific uncertainty than by challenges in integrating existing hazard knowledge into governance, planning, and preparedness. Drawing exclusively on published geological, geophysical, engineering, and policy literature, the paper synthesises evidence on seismic hazard, historical earthquake impacts, institutional preparedness, and barriers to the operational use of scientific risk assessments. An integrated, multi-pillar framework is proposed to support improved coordination between science, governance, infrastructure practice, and community preparedness. The framework is conceptual in nature and is intended to inform policy dialogue, prioritisation, and future empirical research rather than to provide a validated operational model. While grounded in the Malawian context, the insights presented are relevant to other low-income, rift-hosted regions facing similar challenges in translating earthquake science into effective disaster risk reduction.