Signal Without Solution? An Evidence-Based Review of Circulating Tumor DNA in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

This evidence-based review examines the clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the post-treatment surveillance of patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer. While ctDNA consistently demonstrates prognostic value and identifies molecular relapse prior to clinical detection, available evidence does not support its use in guiding interventions that improve disease-free survival. These findings highlight a critical gap between early detection and actionable treatment strategies, underscoring the need for further research in ctDNA-guided care.