Ground Water Depletion in Viraj Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow: A Geographical Analysis

Groundwater is a critical resource for urban areas, particularly in rapidly developing cities like Lucknow. Viraj Khand, located in Gomti Nagar, is a high-density residential and commercial locality, where the demand for groundwater has steadily increased over the past decade. This study aims to analyze the extent, causes, and impacts of groundwater depletion in Viraj Khand and to suggest sustainable management strategies. The research uses a mixed-method approach, integrating primary data collected through household surveys, field observations, and key informant interviews, along with secondary data from the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Lucknow Jal Nigam, LDA maps, and satellite imagery. GIS techniques were employed to map land use, borewell density, and groundwater depletion zones, while statistical analysis highlighted temporal trends and correlations between urbanization and groundwater decline. Findings indicate that groundwater levels in Viraj Khand have declined by approximately 8– 10 meters over the last 14 years, with high-extraction zones concentrated in apartmentdense and commercial areas. Seasonal variations show partial monsoon recharge, but natural infiltration is limited due to impervious surfaces. Survey results reveal that more than 70% of households rely on groundwater, with rising costs, deeper borewells, and occasional water scarcity affecting residents. Rainwater harvesting is minimal and largely ineffective. The study concludes that unregulated extraction, rapid urbanization, and limited recharge are the main drivers of groundwater depletion in Viraj Khand. Recommendations include mandatory rainwater harvesting, artificial recharge structures, water use efficiency measures, community participation, and policy interventions to ensure sustainable groundwater management and secure water supply for future generations.