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Remineralising composites with antibacterial properties may seal the cavity and prevent secondary caries. This study aimed at developing experimental flowable composites containing different concentrations of fluoride-doped calcium phosphate fillers and evaluating their remineralising and antibacterial properties. Experimental resin-based composites containing different concentrations (0-20%) of fluoride-doped calcium phosphate fillers (VS10/VS20) were formulated. The release of calcium (Ca), phosphate (PO) and fluoride (F) ions was assessed for 30 days. Remineralisation properties were evaluated through ATR-FTIR and SEM/EDX after storage in simulated body fluid (SBF). The metabolic activity and viability of Streptococcus gordonii was also evaluated through ATP, CFU and live/dead confocal microscopy. The evaluation of specific monomer elution from the experimental composites was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The composites containing VS10 showed the highest release of Ca, those containing VS20 released more F over time (p0.05). A quick 7-day mineral precipitation was observed in the tested composites containing VS10 or VS20 at 10%; these materials also showed the greatest antibacterial activity (p<0.05). Moreover, the tested composites containing VS10 presented the lowest elution of monomers (p<0.05). Innovative composites were developed with low monomers elution, evident antibacterial activity against S. gordonii and important remineralisation properties due to specific ions release. Novel composites containing fluoride-doped calcium phosphates may be promising to modulate bacteria growth, promote remineralisation and reduce the risk of cytotoxicity related to monomers' elution.
Alambiaga‐Caravaca et al. (2024) studied this question.