Against the backdrop of Industry 4.0 and emerging Industry 5.0 driving manufacturing toward customized production, complex engineering systems feature high dynamics and complexity. Traditional single dynamic simulation tools face challenges like difficult cross-platform integration. To address the demand for multi-source heterogeneous digital twin modeling, this study proposes the Adams-FMI-Unity co-simulation technical architecture and agile implementation method: building a parametric multi-body dynamic model with Adams, achieving standardized integration of multi-source heterogeneous models via the FMI 2.0 standard, and enabling personalized real-time visual interaction based on the Unity engine. Validated with a crank-slider mechanism, the simulation shows high fidelity with theoretical calculations, achieving RMSE of 0.0015 m, MAE of 0.0012 m, and MAPE less than 0.2%. Interactivity verification proves that dynamic simulation can be realized by adjusting driving parameters. The main contributions of this work include: (1) a novel layered co-simulation architecture integrating Adams multi-body dynamics with Unity visualization through FMI 2.0, enabling real-time interactive digital twin applications; (2) a master-slave time synchronization mechanism ensuring consistent data exchange between heterogeneous simulation environments; and (3) experimental validation demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed framework for rapid product verification and customer interaction in customized production scenarios. This provides practical basis for subsequent industrial applications.
Liangyu Zhao (2026) studied this question.