In uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV)-based ground observation and detection missions involving high-speed moving targets or low-light conditions, Time Delay Integration (TDI) cameras enhance image brightness through multi-stage charge accumulation. However, the imaging quality is susceptible to motion blur induced by platform vibrations and velocity mismatch. Based on TDI imaging technology, a TDI image degradation model for a UAV-based imaging platform is formulated. To address spatial blurring caused by platform vibration and velocity mismatch during TDI imaging, we propose a TDI image restoration algorithm based on sharpness-optimized partitioned Point Spread Function (PSF) estimation. The main innovation lies in the first application of partitioned PSF estimation combined with image sharpness optimization in TDI imaging. By formulating an accurate TDI image degradation model, spatial motion blur kernel estimation is transformed into an iterative search problem for partitioned optimal PSF. Solving for optimal sharpness yields the optimal PSF and corresponding local motion parameters, achieving image restoration. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm in this paper effectively removes motion blur in TDI dynamic imaging, while suppressing artifacts and ringing, thus significantly enhancing image quality.
Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.