Anti-cancer treatment is a rapidly evolving field, with new modalities emerging daily for treating cancer. Immunotherapy is a new group of drugs that has revolutionised cancer treatment. Immunotherapy drugs can manipulate the immune system to kill cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a class of immunotherapy drugs that block the naturally occurring checkpoints of the immune system, thereby facilitating the killing of cancer cells by the host immune system. ICI is indicated in a wide range of malignancies and is associated with several adverse events. In this narrative review, we aim to discuss specific peri-operative considerations for patients treated with ICI.
Yadav et al. (2026) studied this question.