The increasing reliance on cloud computing within the healthcare domain has generated considerable concerns regarding data privacy, security, and compliance with regulatory standards. Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges by enabling decentralized, tamper-proof, and transparent data management. This paper offers a detailed examination of blockchain-based methodologies for the protection of healthcare data within cloud infrastructures. It evaluates cutting-edge techniques in three fundamental dimensions: access control, encryption strategies, and performance evaluation. Through a meticulous review and categorization of extant frameworks, the research elucidates prevailing deficiencies such as the absence of interoperability, challenges related to scalability, and computational burdens. To address these limitations, an innovative blockchain-based architecture is proposed, which incorporates smart contracts and attribute-based encryption. The suggested system guarantees secure, auditable, and patient-centred sharing of healthcare data while simultaneously improving system efficiency. The proposed framework decreases reliance on centralized authorities while improving data integrity, access transparency, and patient-centric control. In addition, integrating off-chain cloud storage enhances scalability in contrast to current blockchain-only solutions. This study illustrates the transformative capacity of blockchain in revolutionizing healthcare data management by ensuring integrity, privacy, and accessibility throughout distributed systems.
Guruprasad et al. (2025) studied this question.