Abstract Mathematics education needs to achieve conceptual understanding which remains essential for its development. Middle schools use teaching methods which focus on teaching procedures and memorizing information and these methods restrict students from achieving genuine mathematical comprehension. The current research investigates how interactive digital simulations improve middle school students' ability to learn new mathematical concepts. The research team used a quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test control group design to conduct the study. The research team selected 60 Grade 7 and Grade 8 students from a government middle school in Andhra Pradesh, India and then assigned them to an experimental group and a control group through random selection. The experimental group received instruction using interactive digital simulations through GeoGebra, PhET, and Desmos, while the control group was taught using traditional chalk-and-board methods. The researchers used a Conceptual Understanding Test to gather data before and after the educational programs. Simulation-based instruction delivered to students produced better conceptual understanding results than traditional teaching methods according to independent-samples t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistical tests. The study results demonstrate that interactive digital simulations enable students to visualize concepts and explore content actively which leads to students developing essential learning skills in mathematics while using technology-based student-centered teaching methods in middle school classrooms.
V. D. Srinivasan (2025) studied this question.