Saqqara is one of the most important heritage sites in Egypt. It was the necropolis of Memphis, the ancient capital of Egypt. Throughout the period representing the Old Kingdom, there were many monuments in Saqqara such as tombs, pyramids, and temples where several statues were found. The statues in Saqqara were found in different sizes and were composed of a variety of materials. The stone statues were the most common in Saqqara as stone is the most resistant material in the context of weathering and other deterioration factors. Many stone statues discovered at the sites of excavations in Saqqara have been found to be broken as a result of deterioration factors such as weathering, unstable burial environment, and lack of archeological awareness during excavations. Consequently, it is necessary to restore and conserve those statues and sometimes to complete the missing parts to revive the aspects concerned with that civilization and reveal the reason for which they were created. It is decided that the missing fragments of the statues will be completed using different materials such as limestone and lime-based mortar.
Abdelsattar et al. (2017) studied this question.