On the development of reconstructive surgery of the maxillofacial region in Russia

The article examines issues related to the historical aspects of the development of reconstructive surgery of the maxillofacial area in Russia. A historical periodization of the process under study has been developed. Restorative and reconstructive surgery of faces received the most active attention after the end of the First World War, when such a type became necessary for a sufficiently large number of persons disfigured after injury. The article reviews monographs and manuals on general surgery with sections devoted to various methods of operations on patients with various defects and deformations of the face, restorative and reconstructive operations on soft tissues of the facea, methods of primary and secondary cheilo- and uranoplasty, as well as rhinoplasty. The exceptional contribution of domestic surgery to the possibility of using the Filatov stem for the needs of facial reconstructive surgery is shown. The history of the use of revascularized grafts to eliminate defects in the maxillofacial region, as well as the history of the introduction of techniques for using free flaps, is described in detail. The possibilities of transferring a block of tissue from distant parts of the human body to the defect with their revascularization are outlined. Modern ideas about a number of biochemical, histological and morphological changes in the area of the defect and graft when replacing lost bone in the maxillofacial area are highlighted.