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March 16, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Global Complexity–Stability Theory (GCST): A Unified Framework for the Evolution of Complex Systems Across Scales

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RLRoman Lukin

Key Points

  • This research aims to establish a unified framework for understanding the evolution and stability of complex systems across various scales.
  • Introduced the universal stability index G = γ / (α C) derived from fundamental physical constants.
  • Derived the critical boundary G_c = 1 for stability assessments.
  • Unified structural debt D to explain dark matter and dark energy relationships.
  • Analyzed predictions for dark energy behavior at late times based on DESI observational data.
  • Confirmed the existence of a critical boundary at G_c = 1.
  • Predicted δw(z) > 0 at late times, aligning with DESI DR2 2025 data preferences.
  • Showed structural debt D correlates high and low gradient changes in cosmic phenomena.
  • Extended implications to galactic stability and planetary habitability with PSI values.

Abstract

Abstract Global Complexity–Stability Theory (GCST) introduces the universal stability index G = γ / (α C) and derives the critical boundary Gc = 1 from fundamental constants c, G, ħ and cosmological expansion H (t). Structural debt D unifies dark matter (high ∇C) and dark energy (low ∇C), yielding ρD / ρcrit ≈ 0. 95. After aligning gradient sign, GCST predicts δw (z) > 0 at late times (w > –1 today, amplitude +0. 02…+0. 07), matching DESI DR2 2025 preference (w₀ > –1, wₐ –1 and wₐ < 0 at 2. 8–4. 2σ.

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Cite This Study

Roman Lukin (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b79e7c8166e15b153abd20https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19024309
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