Application of policy process theories in the development of Australian oral health and chronic disease policy

Objectives: To determine what could be learnt from policy process theories about the political factors affecting policy development. The establishment of this knowledge is hypothesized to provide guidance on how oral health and chronic disease policy can be influenced. Materials and Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 Australian oral health, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cognitive impairment policymakers from June 2021 to November 2021. Data were analyzed using deductive reflective thematic analysis and coded according to the actors, events, context, and outcomes identified in eight policy process theories. Results: All four elements of the narrative policy framework were identified by policymakers; these elements also led to successful policy outcomes. Advocacy was identified as a potential lever for creating a policy window in which evidence may be better received as advocates make the problem recognizable. Actors hold a range of power, and they must be mapped and considered. Intergovernmental and political factors can overwhelm evidence in the policy process. Government collaboration and reflection of past programs to develop an approach to incorporate oral health funding into Medicare is imperative for the improvement of those living with poor oral health, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The application of policy process theories has produced recommendations researchers, policymakers, and advocates can apply when endeavoring to inform the policy process. Influencing this process is critical to translating oral health research into oral health and chronic disease policy.