The Philosophical and Political System of Ivan Ilyin: A Dialectical Study of Spiritual Nationalism and Legal Consciousness

This study examines the intellectual system of Ivan Aleksandrovich Ilyin (1883–1954), a prominent Russian philosopher, legal theorist and ideologue of the White movement. Ilyin’s system integrates a vision of Russia as a "zhivoy organizm" (living organism), advocating a national state unified by spiritual and cultural values rather than aggressive ideology. His political and legal theories, detailed in works like "O griadushchei Rossii," propose a post-Soviet statehood model balancing freedom and authority, informed by historical analysis. Methods: The analysis employs an interdisciplinary approach to his philosophical and political works. The study assesses Ilyin’s relevance in 2025, noting his ideas’ resonance with contemporary debates on national identity and spiritual renewal, though their practical application remains contested. This analysis contributes to understanding Ilyin’s role in Russian philosophy and broader human existential inquiries.