RIS-Aided Physical Layer Security with Imperfect CSI: A Robust Model-Driven Deep Learning Approach

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) emerges as a promising paradigm and offers a new perspective for physical layer security. In practice, imperfect eavesdropper channel state information (CSI) represents a critical challenge for RIS-aided physical layer security design. To tackle this issue, this paper investigates RIS-aided physical layer security enhancement under imperfect eavesdropper CSI and formulates a robust weighted sum secrecy rate maximization problem. To efficiently solve this problem, a model-driven deep learning approach is proposed. We begin by introducing the gradient descent–ascent algorithm to solve the optimization problem. Then we unfold this algorithm into a gated recurrent unit (GRU)-aided deep unfold network with trainable parameters. The proposed GRU-aided deep unfold network leverages GRU to adaptively generate gradient ascent–descent step sizes. Different from the existing deep unfold network that commonly has a fixed number of iteration, the proposed deep unfold network integrates the sequential learning capability of GRU and enables adaptive iteration adjustment. The simulation results demonstrate that compared to existing non-robust optimization algorithm and traditional deep unfold network with fixed number of iteration, the proposed method exhibits robustness against imperfect CSI and achieves higher weighted sum secrecy rate.